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01 Electromedical Equipment / Medical Technology
01.01 Diagnostics
01.01.06 Neurological diagnosis, apparatus and instruments

Neurological diagnosis, apparatus and instruments

Our products

Product category: Neurological diagnosis, apparatus and instruments
Clinical Applications – Brain DeathPrint
Brain death is an irreversible end of brain activity due to total cerebral circulatory arrest. The cerebral blood flow circulation is enabled thanks to the existence of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), the CPP is a function of the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and the intracranial pressure (ICP)

CPP=MABP-ICP

Usually brain death is a consequence of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), elevated ICP can be caused due to various reasons such as: metabolic, toxic, traumatic head injury, infectious, neoplastic and idiopathic (tumors). When the ICP reaches a level which is equal or higher than the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) the blood flow circulation in the brain will arrest and the brain will die.

Determination of brain death becomes very important in modern medicine due to its role for saving lives through organ transplantations. Today in most countries, the national ministry of health determines a specific protocol for diagnosis and determination of brain death, in all protocols there will be the obligation to use a medical device. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is one of the most common medical devices to be used for diagnosis and support decision tool for brain death due to its unique effect on cerebral blood flow pattern.

In TCDs’ brain death diagnosis examination the operator is required to examine the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation thoroughly, when each blood vessel is examined for at least 3 minutes and the whole examination length should be at least half an hour. If a complete circulatory arrest is existing we will find patterns of flow cessation, oscillating patterns with negative flow in diastole, and short systolic spikes (<50cm/sec).

Short systolic spikes

The Digi-Lite TCD is used as a diagnostic tool for complete cerebral circulatory arrest in many countries around the world thanks to its very high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (100%), its state of the art advanced summary screen gives the physician the complete data of the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation. The TCD can be used at the patients' bedside, it is repeatable, cost effective, non-invasive, no pharmacological effect on the test, and no need to use contrast agents that can harm the kidneys.

Product category: Neurological diagnosis, apparatus and instruments
Clinical Applications – Stroke
Stroke is a loss of blood circulation to a certain area of the brain resulting in loss of brain activity corresponding with loss of neurological function. There are two types of stroke, ischemic stroke which is about 85% of stroke cases, it is caused due to a blockage in the blood vessel, and a hemorrhagic stroke which is about 15% of the cases and it is caused due to bleeding within the brain or in the meningeal surrounding areas.

Ischemic stroke is caused mainly by thrombosis or embolism. The main reason for thrombosis or embolism is different diseases like: intra/extra cranial atherosclerosis, vasculitis, Carotid artery dissection, Sickle cell disease, right to left shunts and more.

Digi-Lite TCD is a high sensitivity and specificity diagnostic and follow up system that supports the neurologists' decision about the appropriate treatment. The Digi-Lite helps to diagnose the stroke subtype, thanks to the Digi-Lite multi-gate feature it can locate the exact place of occlusion or the origin of emboli in the major intracranial arteries, it allows fewer uses of angiograms, and it monitors and follows the effect of treatment.

With Digi-Lite and Digi-Lite+IP we can diagnose with more than 90% sensitivity extra cranial lesions in the carotid arteries cause due to carotid artery atherosclerosis, by examining the lesions itself, the proximal and distal branches related to the lesion, and examining the interconnecting branches related to development of collateral flow.

Furthermore, the Digi-Lite TCD is used also for diagnose patients with a risk for stroke in order to give them a prophylactic treatment. Usually these patients diagnosed with an intra/extra cranial stenosis with more than 50%, the TCD examination detect it easily due to stenosis profound effect on flow pattern, and due to the vasomotor reactivity test which can detect an abnormal cerebral endothelial function.

Product category: Neurological diagnosis, apparatus and instruments
Clinical Applications – Stroke
Stroke is a loss of blood circulation to a certain area of the brain resulting in loss of brain activity corresponding with loss of neurological function. There are two types of stroke, ischemic stroke which is about 85% of stroke cases, it is caused due to a blockage in the blood vessel, and a hemorrhagic stroke which is about 15% of the cases and it is caused due to bleeding within the brain or in the meningeal surrounding areas.

Ischemic stroke is caused mainly by thrombosis or embolism. The main reason for thrombosis or embolism is different diseases like: intra/extra cranial atherosclerosis, vasculitis, Carotid artery dissection, Sickle cell disease, right to left shunts and more.

Digi-Lite TCD is a high sensitivity and specificity diagnostic and follow up system that supports the neurologists' decision about the appropriate treatment. The Digi-Lite helps to diagnose the stroke subtype, thanks to the Digi-Lite multi-gate feature it can locate the exact place of occlusion or the origin of emboli in the major intracranial arteries, it allows fewer uses of angiograms, and it monitors and follows the effect of treatment.

With Digi-Lite and Digi-Lite+IP we can diagnose with more than 90% sensitivity extra cranial lesions in the carotid arteries cause due to carotid artery atherosclerosis, by examining the lesions itself, the proximal and distal branches related to the lesion, and examining the interconnecting branches related to development of collateral flow.

Furthermore, the Digi-Lite TCD is used also for diagnose patients with a risk for stroke in order to give them a prophylactic treatment. Usually these patients diagnosed with an intra/extra cranial stenosis with more than 50%, the TCD examination detect it easily due to stenosis profound effect on flow pattern, and due to the vasomotor reactivity test which can detect an abnormal cerebral endothelial function.

Product category: Neurological diagnosis, apparatus and instruments
Clinical Applications – Stroke
Stroke is a loss of blood circulation to a certain area of the brain resulting in loss of brain activity corresponding with loss of neurological function. There are two types of stroke, ischemic stroke which is about 85% of stroke cases, it is caused due to a blockage in the blood vessel, and a hemorrhagic stroke which is about 15% of the cases and it is caused due to bleeding within the brain or in the meningeal surrounding areas.

Ischemic stroke is caused mainly by thrombosis or embolism. The main reason for thrombosis or embolism is different diseases like: intra/extra cranial atherosclerosis, vasculitis, Carotid artery dissection, Sickle cell disease, right to left shunts and more.

Digi-Lite TCD is a high sensitivity and specificity diagnostic and follow up system that supports the neurologists' decision about the appropriate treatment. The Digi-Lite helps to diagnose the stroke subtype, thanks to the Digi-Lite multi-gate feature it can locate the exact place of occlusion or the origin of emboli in the major intracranial arteries, it allows fewer uses of angiograms, and it monitors and follows the effect of treatment.

With Digi-Lite and Digi-Lite+IP we can diagnose with more than 90% sensitivity extra cranial lesions in the carotid arteries cause due to carotid artery atherosclerosis, by examining the lesions itself, the proximal and distal branches related to the lesion, and examining the interconnecting branches related to development of collateral flow.

Furthermore, the Digi-Lite TCD is used also for diagnose patients with a risk for stroke in order to give them a prophylactic treatment. Usually these patients diagnosed with an intra/extra cranial stenosis with more than 50%, the TCD examination detect it easily due to stenosis profound effect on flow pattern, and due to the vasomotor reactivity test which can detect an abnormal cerebral endothelial function.

Product category: Neurological diagnosis, apparatus and instruments
Clinical Applications – Microembolus Detection
Transcranial Doppler is a very efficient tool for emboli detection, the emboli are detected as HITS- high intensity transient signal. HITS are short high intensity patterns that move in the same direction as the blood flow in oppose to artifacts. It is moving inside the spectrum, and it is usually accompanied by a "chirp", "snap", or "moan sound. It is recommended to decrease the gain amplitude and sample volume to detect the HITS more accurately.

There are two different types of emboli, gaseous or solid. Gaseous emboli like air bubbles for example can be absorbed and metabolized through the capillaries which make them less dangerous, and less risk for stroke than solid emboli like pieces of plaque that have high risk for causing stroke.

Since cerebral embolism is one of the major reasons for ischemic stroke and since the main cause for intraoperative strokes especially during vascular procedures is embolism, the transcranial Doppler has an important and significant role for detecting emboli for patients who suffer from carotid atherosclerosis, patients who are undergoing carotid surgery, and cardiac surgery during all stage of the operation (pre/intra/postoperative) in order to reduce significantly the risk for stroke.

Digi-Lite TCD with its advanced and innovative monitoring and emboli detection software enables high accuracy detection and counting of emboli. Thanks to the monitoring multi-gate feature it is much easier to distinguish between emboli HITS and artifacts and edit them in our post processing modification feature.

Product category: Neurological diagnosis, apparatus and instruments
Clinical Apllications – TCD & tPA Treatment
One of the most common and important treatments over the last few years for the immediate treatment of stroke is an intra-venous medicine called tPA (tissue plasminogen activator), tPA is a very powerful "clot-buster" which is given up to the first 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms, tPA can significantly improve the patient's outcome from the stroke over the long term. The sooner tPA is started, the better the outcome, so time is of the essence.

Digi-Lite Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is the most available bedside tool that is used to determine cerebral arterial occlusion and to continuously monitor recanalization during thrombolysis treatment. TCD has a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 93% to determine complete recanalization of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in tPA-treated patients. Furthermore, continuous clot exposure to ultrasound Doppler signal enhances tPA activity, and clot degradation with ultrasound irradiation is 1.8 times greater than that with tPA alone. In the future, TCD will act as a sonotrombolysis therapeutic tool as well as a diagnostic and monitoring tool.

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